FRIDAY, Jan. 30, 2026

1661-Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed after having been dead for two years 1889-Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in Mayerling in an apparent suicide pact 1902-Britain and Japan sign a treaty after months of negotiating which commits each country to supporting an independent China and Korea, although it acknowledges Japan’s ‘special interest’ in Korea 1933-President Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Reich Chancellor of Germany who forms a government with Franz von Papen 1939-Adolf Hitler threatens Jews during his speech to the German Reichstag (Parliament) 1948-Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated in the garden of the New Delhi home he is visiting by Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse 1965-State funeral for Winston Churchill at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London; at the time, the world’s largest-ever state funeral 1972-Bloody Sunday: 27 unarmed civilians are shot (14 are killed) by the British Army during a civil rights march in Derry, Northern Ire

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